BIO-MEDICAL NANOTECHNOLGY | The New Healthcare Frontier
Nanotechnology has seeped into almost every field of science, allowing us access to matter on an atomic, molecular and supramolecular level. It is also defined as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers. The range of the size of materials has encompassed different disciplines of science viz. surface science, molecular biology, and engineering, organic chemistry, energy storage, and microfabrication to name a few. One of the earliest applications of nanotech was considered to be in the fabrication of matter falling in the macroscale range, which we have now come to know as molecular nanotechnology.
With the technology affecting various fields of science, there is a broad scope for research and development to explore the applications of the tech in discovering new ways to control and alter matter at the atomic and molecular level. There is still a lot of uncertainty surrounding the future of the technology, but it has already shown great prospects in the areas of biomedical science, medicine, biomaterials energy production, and electronics among others. However, the toxicity and environmental repercussion of nanomaterials have also raised some concern. The possible global economic impact of the materials has also given rise to the debate of whether or not the technology must be regulated.
Biomedical nanotechnology has diverse applications in molecular diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. The fusion of biology, informatics, and nanotechnology has given us hope for creating customized medications. This discipline is an intersection of science, medicine, and engineering. Nanotechnology essentially allows for the integration of nanoparticles with ligands for targeted treatment of affected cells or organs with utmost accuracy. Nanoparticles that fall within a 5–100 nm diameter range, i.e. the mesoscopic size range, offer extensive surface area and functional groups that are suitable for various diagnostic and therapeutic agents such as optical and radioisotopic. The particles also exhibit a potential to perform numerous actions simultaneously during treatment and this quality has further expanded its clinical applications. Recently, the technological developments in the field have unveiled the possible merits of nanotechnology in cellular imaging, the therapeutic implications of nanoparticles in targeted treatment and nanodevices for early diagnosis and screening. These advancements have opened new doors to the realm of personalized medication that allows for customized diagnosis and treatment along with preventive drugs using genetic information to indicate possible diseases, its evolution, and its clinical effect.
Recent discoveries in the field have brought along exciting opportunities for the exploration of the areas of nanotechnology intertwined with molecular and genetic sciences. Researchers at the California Institute of Technology discovered a way to make nanoscale-patterned objects float in the air by directing them to stay in a beam of light. The levitation technique is meant to be applied in aeronautics in the future but probing into the science might lead to surgical applications of the technology. Another team of researchers at UCLA has found a different approach to treat periodontal diseases effectively. The new methods focus on using nanotechnology for gum tissue and bone regeneration with patient-oriented biological and mechanical features. Tissue regeneration involves the surgical placement of a membrane or a thin film between the inflamed gum and the tooth. These membranes are made of biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable materials that not only creates a barrier to stop the infection from spreading but also acts as a delivery system for drugs, antibiotics for the gum tissue.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has a death toll of nearly 1.5 million people annually. Hao Yan and his colleagues in China and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison believe that nanotechnology can be used to prevent and treat AKI. The process uses tiny, self-assembling forms that have a diameter the size of a billionth of a meter. Using DNA origami, the material is designed into triangular, tubular and rectangular shapes. The DNA ’s nucleotides aid in engineering and fabricating DNA origami structures (DONs) that can self-assemble and accumulate according to a previously set pattern inside the organ. The biomedical engineering faculty of Texas A&M University with innovation in the method of blood vessel generation has achieved another feat in the evolution of biomedical nanotechnology. The members used two-dimensional clay, also known as nanosilicates to, to enhance the process of angiogenesis, which encourages blood vessel growth. This research might someday help in the healing of chronic wounds caused by diseases. The Department of Bioengineering (BIOE) at the University of Maryland Fischell along with four other academic institutions have proposed that the nanotechnology-based targeted treatment of a gene known as POLR2A might be able to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is an aggressive form of breast cancer.
Nanotoxicology is the science that studies the toxicity found in nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have been found to cause inflammation, carcinogenicity, and fibrosis in case of inhalation among several other health concerns. The materials have become useful in the field of medicine but extensive research and development are required before we can rule out any complications involved in their usage. Nanotechnology has become a multidisciplinary field of science but it is safe to say that it still has a long way to go.
Biomedical Nanotechnology market Top Global Companies: Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc., Advanced Nano Products Co., Limited, Altair Nanotechnologies Inc., Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bruker Corporation, Catalytic Materials, LLC, Chemat Technology Inc., eSpin Technologies, Inc., ELITech Group, Genefluidics, Inc., Hanwha Nanotech Corporation (South Korea), Hybrid Plastics, Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc., , Integran Technologies, Inc., Intrinsiq Materials Limited (IML)
Biomedical Nanotechnology market by Type: Nanomedicine, Treatment, Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Nanotechnology, Others
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